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Diet for gastritis

Proper nutrition is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of gastritis. Diet reduces the severity of painful manifestations and increases the effectiveness of therapeutic manipulations.

diet for gastritis

The imbalance of food components (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibers) changes the pH level of the stomach, stimulates the pathogenesis of gastritis, including gastric ulcers. All diets for chronic stomach diseases are prepared taking into account the acidity of the stomach environment.

Based on the nutritional value, treatment tables for gastritis are divided into two types:

  • Basic diets. The diet contains enough energy necessary to maintain the vital functions of the patient and at the same time has a beneficial effect on the walls of the stomach;
  • Low calorie diets. In case of exacerbation of pathogenesis (acute digestive disorders, constipation, diarrhea), a diet with reduced energy value is used for several days.

Diets (tables) used to feed patients with gastritis have numerical designations. Official medicine has approved fifteen main therapeutic diets. Some tables come in several variations designated by letters of the alphabet. Tables 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 4 are recommended for stomach ailments. During the therapeutic diet for gastritis, you should avoid alcohol and smoking, as well as fatty, smoked, acidic, spicy and sour foods. foods.

The nutrition of patients diagnosed with gastritis is based on several principles that form the basis of such diets:

  • Exclude hot foods from the diet (over 60). 0C) and cold (below 15).0C) containers;
  • Choose the optimal temperature for diet food (20-500WITH);
  • Use the rules for eating: small meals (up to 5-6 times a day) and regularity (at the same time);
  • For hyperacid gastritis, exclude from the diet foods that stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid and irritate the walls of the stomach;
  • Give preference to foods that accelerate digestion for hypoacid and anacid gastritis;
  • If a person has two diseases at the same time, for example, gastritis and diabetes, foods harmful to diabetes should also be excluded from the diet.

What can you eat if you have gastritis with high acidity?

what can you eat if you have gastritis

The diagnosis of "chronic gastritis with high acidity" or "chronic hyperacid gastritis" is confirmed by comprehensive medical studies using laboratory and functional diagnostic methods.

The disease is characterized by an increase in the amount of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes and other components of the produced gastric juice. Acid irritates the walls of the stomach, reduces their functional properties and changes the course of the physiological processes of digestion.

The main symptoms of gastritis with high acidity are pain between meals and heartburn after eating.

For gastritis with high acidity, it is forbidden to consume dishes based on rich mushroom, meat and fish broths, as well as instant semi-finished products. They strongly irritate the taste buds and stimulate the additional production of hydrochloric acid.

A set of foods that should be included in the diet of a patient diagnosed with gastritis with high acidity includes:

  • First dishes (pure soups with vegetables and grains, noodle soups cooked with water or milk);
  • Main dishes (meat, fish, cut into pieces, steamed, boiled or baked, sometimes lightly fried, without skin);
  • Side dishes (boiled vegetables, pasta, soft cereals);
  • Salads, snacks (boiled vegetable salads, lean meat, fish, sausages with milk, snacks based on cheese);
  • Milk 2, 5% pasteurized, some fermented milk products (cream, yogurt, cottage cheese);
  • Fruits and berries of sweet varieties;
  • Drinks (tea, dried fruit compotes, jelly, juices from some types of fruits, decoctions);
  • Bakery products (dry wheat bread, dry biscuit);
  • Fats (vegetable oils, butter).

Detailed information about each ingredient in the menu for a patient with hyperacid gastritis:

  • Beef.It is recommended to use meat of the first category with a limited fat content. The energy value of this product is about 218 kcal per 100 g. The ratio of protein and fat is 1: 1. Beef contains many macro and micronutrients, especially phosphorus, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum, as well as high amounts of B vitamins. Chopped steam cutlets, boiled, baked, and portioned pieces of cooked meat are made from beef;
  • mutton.Lean meat is allowed, its energy value is about 209 kcal per 100 g, the ratio of proteins and fats is 1: 1. The product contains many macroelements potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, microelements copper, fluorine. Due to its special taste and smell, lamb meat is rarely used in medical institutions, but it is quite possible to cook it at home;
  • Rabbit meatThe energy value of 100 g is about 183 kcal. The ratio of proteins and fats is 2: 1. Meat contains enough macro and microelements and vitamins. Lean rabbit meat is considered one of the best meat products for hyperacid gastritis. Boiled, baked, baked pieces are prepared;
  • Chicken.The energy value of 100 g is 90-180 kcal, depending on the part of the carcass. The ratio of proteins and fats is approximately the same as that of rabbit meat. The most valuable white meat is skinless chicken breast. Prepare boiled and baked pieces;
  • Sausage.Eat as a snack. It is recommended to consume up to 50 g of low-fat boiled milk and doctor's sausage per day. Sausage can be replaced with snacks and pies;
  • Beef tongue.Its energy value is about 173 kcal per 100 g. This is a delicious by-product of the first category. It is nutritious and rich in nutrients. Boiled, it is used as a hot snack;
  • Sausage.The use of this product is not regulated by the official diet for gastritis. Since it is possible to use low-fat varieties of milk sausages, it should be assumed that milk sausages can be eaten with gastritis with high acidity. It is not recommended to choose smoked and fried sausages, sausages and bacon with a large amount of lard;
  • Sea fish.Low-fat varieties are recommended. The usual amount of fat in fish is up to 15-20%. Fish with low fat content are sea species (cod, tuna). Their fat content is from 0. 4% to 0. 8%, and their protein content is from 17. 6% (cod) to 22. 8% (tuna). The energy value of this fish ranges from 148 kcal per 100 kcal (cod) to 297 kcal per 100 g (tuna). Fish contains healthy unsaturated fats (omega-3, omega-6). Low-fat herring soaked in water (milk) is taken as a snack. A small amount of sturgeon caviar is allowed for hyperacid gastritis;
  • River fish.Pike perch and pike low fat content. The limited consumption of teafish in medical institutions is due to the large number of small bones. Home made boiled pieces and steamed fish cutlets;
  • Milk.Pasteurized cow's milk with 2. 5% fat is usually used. Whole milk (directly from the cow) is prohibited in the diet. The energy value of 2. 5% milk is 54 kcal per 100 ml. Pasteurized milk can be consumed without additional heat treatment. Hot dishes are prepared on it: soups, porridges, purees, omelets. Individual intolerance to milk components is possible;
  • creamThis is milk separated to 10% (normal cream) or up to 35% (heavy cream). Heavy cream is not used in diets, but a small amount of normal cream is added to main dishes, sauces and puddings;
  • Hard cheesesParmesan, Dutch, Kostroma, Cheddar, etc. The energy value is about 355 kcal per 100 g of product. It is used as a snack. Hard cheeses with limited fat (30-50%) without spicy additives are recommended for gastritis with high acidity. You can consume more than 20-50 grams of cheese per day;
  • Soft cheesesMascarpone and others. The calorie content of mascarpone cheese is 450 kcal per 100 g of product. For dietary food, it is necessary to choose soft, unsalted types of cheese. A moderate amount of cheese can significantly adjust the balance of animal proteins and fats, as well as trace elements, in the daily diet of a patient with gastritis;
  • cottage cheese.Non-acidic varieties are recommended.The fat content varies from 0% (low-fat cottage cheese) to 30% (fat cottage cheese). The energy and nutritional value of such a product is very high. Cottage cheese can be used as cottage cheese, cheesecakes, fried without crust;
  • Yogurt. The standard fat content is 3. 2%. The product is low in calories, only 65 kcal per 100 g. Yogurts contain enough sugar and a small amount of acid. The main types of yogurt are suitable for dietary nutrition for gastritis;
  • Chicken egg.The energy value is 157 kcal per 100 g of product. The ratio of proteins and fats is approximately 1: 1. For gastritis, use fresh eggs produced (obtained from chickens) no later than seven days. An omelette with soft-boiled eggs and milk or cream is recommended. Due to the poor digestion of raw proteins, raw eggs are prohibited in diet foods;
    • porridge is the main menu of gastric gastritis
  • porridge.The calorie content of porridge exceeds the energy value of meat products. However, plant carbohydrates provide quick energy. Porridge should not be considered the main component of dietary food for gastritis. Popular cereals are used to prepare porridges, slimy soups, puddings and other dishes: semolina, rice, buckwheat and oatmeal.
  • semolinaenergy value 100 g 335 kcal. The main amount of energy comes from carbohydrates. Despite the high content of macro and microelements and vitamins, semolina is carefully used in the diet of children up to 3 years old and people over 70 years old. A high level of individual intolerance to the product was observed in these age groups;
  • Rice porridgeenergy value 100 g 323 kcal. A 100-gram portion provides about 20% of a person's daily energy needs. Rice contains many useful substances. It contains components that relieve irritation of the stomach walls and has antioxidant properties;
  • buckwheatenergy value 100 g 335 kcal. A valuable dietary product. Regulates blood cholesterol level, normalizes metabolic processes, helps to lose weight;
  • Oatmealenergy value 100 g 342 kcal. Oatmeal is allowed. Porridge made from oatmeal (flakes) has a high energy value and contains the maximum amount of macro- and micronutrients and B vitamins. The mucilaginous substances of oats reduce the irritation of the stomach walls.
  • Pastaand vermicelli. Energy value 100 g 320-350 kcal. High-grade durum wheat pasta is recommended for gastritis with high acidity. The negative effect of wheat (an undesirable grain product for gastritis) is reduced by the protein component of pasta, egg white. It is added during the factory production process. Pasta and vermicelli are used as components of the first and second courses;
  • Bread.Use premium wheat bread for gastritis. It doesn't have to be fresh. It is better if the bread is baked 1-2 days in advance. Biscuits and dry biscuits are allowed in limited quantity. You can diversify the menu up to twice a week with pies baked with meat, fish, apples and berries, which are allowed for hyperacid gastritis;
  • Potatoenergy value 100 g 77 kcal. The product contains a large amount of water, carbohydrates, potassium, iron, zinc, vitamin PP (nicotinic acid). Boiled or mashed is recommended. It is forbidden to include fried potatoes in your diet. In this form, it is poorly digested, irritates the walls of the stomach and stimulates fermentation processes;
  • rootenergy value 100 g 33 kcal, contains a lot of carbohydrates, beta-carotene (provitamin A), B vitamins, pectins. Pectins are substances that sanitize the body and reduce the level of harmful substances. Carrots contain a lot of potassium and other trace elements;
  • It's a beetenergy value 100 g 43 kcal, contains a lot of carbohydrates, macro and microelements, vitamins. It is consumed boiled. Beetroot prevents the development of pathogenic microflora in the stomach and intestines, and also increases intestinal motility;
  • Cabbage. The recommendations of nutritionists regarding its use for gastritis are ambiguous. Cabbage is undoubtedly healthy, but it can cause bloating. White cabbage and Brussels sprouts increase the secretion of gastric juice. These species are not recommended for hyperacid gastritis, but are used for gastritis with a small amount of hydrochloric acid;
  • cauliflowerenergy value is 30 kcal per 100 g, there are a lot of carbohydrates, potassium and sugars, vitamin C, trace elements. Hyperacid is highly recommended for gastritis when cooked and steamed, as it does not stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid;
  • zucchinienergy value 100 g 24 kcal. Lots of carbs and sugars, little fiber. Pumpkin is rich in B vitamins (ascorbic acid).9(folic acid), A (retinol). Zucchini has a thin pulp consistency, they are definitely recommended for dietary nutrition for gastritis;
  • Pumpkinenergy value 100 g 22 kcal. The product is balanced in proteins, fats and carbohydrates, rich in vitamins A and B9(folic acid), C (ascorbic acid). A high amount of potassium and copper can be noted from macro and micronutrients. Pumpkin is recommended for hyperacid gastritis in the form of pumpkin porridge, pumpkin juice is also very useful. This vegetable has useful properties for pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, its seeds have anthelmintic properties and have a laxative effect. It is advisable to consume pumpkin and pumpkin fruits in the early stages of ripening. It is not recommended to use already ripe fruits;
  • Tomatoenergy value 100 g 20 kcal. Only ripe fruits with high sugar content are used. The product is rich in potassium, chlorine, sodium, vitamins A and C. For hyperacid gastritis, tomato puree is consumed in soups and sauces. It is recommended to remove the peel first;
  • Fresh green dill.It is very useful to use fresh fennel as a spice for gastritis with high acidity. This product is rich in vitamins, in addition, the substances contained in fennel prevent food fermentation in the stomach and relieve cramps;
    • fruits are carriers of vitamin complexes
  • appleOnly sweet varieties are recommended. The energy value of this product is 47 kcal per 100 g. Apples contain a large amount of macro- and microelements and vitamins. Apple diets made from green apples are a myth. All the main biochemical components of apples, including pectins, are found in other fruits and vegetables. Peel the apple before eating, it irritates the stomach walls. Cooked apples for gastritis can be consumed without restrictions;

As sweeteners, beet or cane sugar, jam, strawberry jam and sweet apple are used to a limited extent.

What should you not eat if you have gastritis with high acidity?

Abuse of kiwi for gastritis is not good for the body

Foods containing the following ingredients are not recommended for this type of inflammation:

  • stimulate the production of gastric juice;
  • It has an aggressive effect on the stomach walls;
  • strengthen fermentation processes;
  • It is poorly digested in the stomach.

Foods that stimulate the production of gastric juice:

  • Kiwi.This sweet and sour exotic fruit has a pleasant taste and contains many vitamins, sugars and organic acids, as well as substances that stimulate tissue regeneration and have a local soothing effect. In the meantime, you should avoid eating kiwi, especially if you have hyperacid gastritis in the acute phase. The ban is due to the possible negative effect of acids on the inflamed stomach wall;
  • Orange.All citrus fruits (lemon, lime, grapefruit, tangerine) stimulate the taste buds and indirectly cause the production of hydrochloric acid. There are many scientific observations that confirm that people salivate even at the sight of lemons. Therefore, the consumption of any citrus fruits with hyperacid gastritis is strictly prohibited;
  • garlic.The plant is known for its phytoncides, substances that prevent the development of colds and are natural antibiotics. However, when consumed orally, garlic stimulates the appetite and thereby causes the active production of gastric juice.

Products that have an aggressive effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach:

  • chocolate. Despite the abundance of useful substances, it is forbidden to use it for gastritis. The ban is due to the high (about 40%) caffeine content in chocolate. Caffeine is known for its aggressive effect on the gastric sphincter and its ability to provoke reflux. Caffeine also has an irritating effect on the stomach walls. All these properties of caffeine and chocolate are undesirable for gastritis.
  • Ice cream. A tasty dairy product, but contains thickeners, flavors, preservatives, flavors and colors. This cold, sweet delicacy has a negative effect on the walls of the stomach;
  • nutsIt is undesirable to consume large amounts for gastritis (more than 30 grams per day);
  • Cashew nuts.This product contains a caustic fatty substance from which natural ink is made, so cashews can aggravate gastritis;
  • almondand other stone fruits and berries (apricots, plums, cherries) contain a small amount of hydrocyanic acid, which has a bad effect on the walls of an inflamed stomach;
  • Hazel (nuts) is a product rich in nutrients, the protein value is close to meat. However, nuts contain a small amount of aggressive acids that have a negative effect on the intestines. For the stomach of a healthy person, their effect is not noticeable, but with inflamed mucous membranes, nuts can increase pathogenesis.

Products that strengthen fermentation processes in the body:

  • Cereals(millet, corn, pearl barley, beans). Porridges made from these plants contain coarse fibers, increase the acidity of gastric juice and stimulate fermentation processes;
  • peanuts.This is not a nut, but the fruit of a legume. Like all legumes, peanuts cause fermentation in the stomach, thereby irritating its walls;
  • Grapes.Although it contains a lot of sugar, it contains a lot of useful substances. Grapes also have thick skins, the components of which stimulate fermentation processes.

Foods that are poorly digested in the stomach:

  • Contains meatproducts, is poorly digested in the stomach, has a common characteristic of high cholesterol and animal fats;
  • Lean pork, although it is on the list of acceptable foods for diet food, it is not used in medical institutions. Therefore, we classified this type of meat as prohibited for gastritis;
  • Duck and goose meat, smoked meat products.Excess fat in these types of meat and delicacies suppresses the production of hydrochloric acid, which slows down digestion. Fatty foods do not stay in the intestines, they are quickly excreted from the body and often cause diarrhea;
  • helloThe main energy value of this product is represented by animal fat. Lard contains a lot of table salt and spices. Like fatty meat, fat suppresses the production of hydrochloric acid, irritates the walls of the stomach and causes diarrhea;
  • Canned meat and fish.It contains aromatic additives, a lot of fat and other components that are poorly digested in a sick stomach;
  • Meatballs. They are difficult to digest and contain two opposite components: boiled dough and minced meat. In conditions of high acidity gastritis, eating dumplings is accompanied by heartburn and a feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
  • Liver. This product contains a large amount of cholesterol (more than 270 mg per average portion), besides, the liver is a biological filter of the body, it collects and processes harmful substances that enter the blood of an animal or bird. Despite the high content of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins, liver is not recommended for inflammatory processes in the stomach walls.

Plant foods that are poorly digested in the stomach include cantaloupe and watermelon.

Diet for gastritis with low acidity

the food pyramid

Hypoacid gastritis is manifested by belching, dyspepsia (usually diarrhea) and nausea. Symptoms are the result of insufficient digestion of food in the stomach. The recommended diet for low acidity has the official designation number 2.

Food for gastritis with low levels of digestive enzymes is enriched with foods that stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid.

Diet food for patients with reduced production of hydrochloric acid is organized in the same way as a standard diet for gastritis. The set of products is almost the same, but there are slight differences, because low acidity is due to insufficient production of digestive enzymes.

Unlike gastritis with high acidity, in this case you can:

  • Prepare dishes from rich meat and fish broths;
  • Eat sweet and sour fruits and berries, including citrus fruits;
  • Eat pickled cucumbers and tomatoes in reasonable quantities;
  • Instead of milk, drink fermented milk drinks (gumiz, kefir, fermented baked milk);
  • Drink sour-tasting fruit juices;
  • Drink still mineral water.

Food should be chewed thoroughly to improve digestion. Taking digestive enzymes between medications is effective.

Diet for exacerbation of gastritis

Exacerbation of gastritis is characterized by surprising symptoms: severe pain, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting and stomach bleeding. Symptoms of dehydration, weakness, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, thickening of the liquid part of the blood are possible with exacerbation of gastritis.

In the first days of exacerbation, it is allowed to completely fast and take plenty of fluids in the form of physiological solutions and fluids that eliminate inflammation and irritation of the stomach walls. From the second or third day, the gradual introduction of food components into the diet begins.

Basic nutritional diet subtypes 1a (for diarrhea) and 1b (for constipation) are energy deficient. The diet reduces the amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. At the first stage of therapeutic nutrition, foods that even slightly stimulate the excretory function are completely excluded.

The diet menu for exacerbation of gastritis includes:

  • Cereal mucilage soups in water with the gradual introduction of milk;
  • Minced lean meat (chicken, rabbit, soft veal, boneless fish) in the form of souffle and steamed cutlets;
  • Soft-boiled eggs, omelet;
  • Water-based porridge made from crushed buckwheat, oats and rice;
  • Berry jelly drinks, weakly brewed tea without sugar.

After the exacerbation symptoms are resolved, they gradually return to basic diets with high or low acidity.